After the Chechen fighters retreated to the mountains, the largest part of the rebel-Republic was occupied by Russian troops.
Without a front-line, the rebels continue attacks on Russian targets. The Army retaliates with so-called "Zatshistky", cleansing operations where most male inhabitants of a village are rounded up and, more often than not, brought to infamous filtration camps.
The Chechen capital is still in ruins. Power- and gas-cuts, lawlessness, drug-abuse are commonplace.
A large part of the Chechen population still lives in refugee camps in neighboring Inushetia.