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CHINA, LAOS and THAILAND. 

Chien-Chi Chang 

The most recent exodus of North Korean defectors into China began in the late 1990s after a severe famine that killed at least one million of its 23 million people. Most follow an escape route known as Asia's Underground Railroad, eventually covering more than 10,000 km if they successfully reach Seoul. Their first step is to cross the border at the Tumen River. They then remain in hiding, waiting to escape from China. In the border city of Yanji, a missionary cautiously looks for North Koreans needing help on their long journey to freedom. 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. 2007. Chinese nationals fish along Tumen River which serves... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

Barbed wire marks the high-security zone where the frontiers... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. Yanji. 2007. Factories and corn field along Tumen River.... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. 2007. This North Korea defector stole across the frozen... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. Yanji. 2007. This North Korea defector stole across the... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. Yanji. 2007. Yanji Church, the biggest one in Yanji, is... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. Yanji. 2007. Yanbian Guomao Folk Arts Village on the outskirts... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. Yanji. 2007. Yanbian Guomao Folk Arts Village on the outskirts... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. Yanji. 2007. Yanbian Guomao Folk Arts Village on the outskirts... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. 2007. En route to Tumen on the China-North Korea border.... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. Yanji. 2007. In the border city of Yanji, a missionary... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. 2007. With Tumen River in between, Hoeryong city in North... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. 2007. Nanping near Tumen River across from North Korea.... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. 2007. On a frigid December day, workers gather at a dilapidated... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

On a frigid December day, workers gather at a dilapidated collective... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. 2007. On a frigid December day, workers gather at a dilapidated... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. 2007. With Tumen River in between, Hoeryong city in North... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

NORTH KOREA. 2007. Cross-shaped posts carrying telephone wires... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

NORTH KOREA. 2007. Cross-shaped posts carrying telephone wires... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. 2007. The Tumen remains a tourist attraction with a riverfront... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. 2007. The Tumen remains a tourist attraction with a riverfront... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. 2007. Friendship Bridge. The Tumen remains a tourist attraction... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. 2007. Friendship Bridge. The Tumen remains a tourist attraction... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. 2007. Ms. Lee, 44, a North Korean, came to Yanji two and... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. Yanji. 2007. Yanji Church, the biggest one in Yanji, is... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. Yanji. 2007. In the border city of Yanji, a missionary... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. 2007. Identifying herself only as "Mrs. Lee," a defector... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

Identifying herself only as "Mrs. Lee," a defector in Yanji was... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. 2007. Lacking legal documents, This North Korean defector... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. Simao. 2007. North Korean refugees, stay in a safe house... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. Simao. 2007. North Korean refugees, stay in a safe house... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

CHINA. 2007. North Korean Defectors braced themselves against... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

LAOS. 2007. Too exhausted to celebrate their exit from China,... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

LAOS. 2007. After 14-hour of ride through the bumpy mountain... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

THAILAND. 2007. After an anxious crossing , two female defectors... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

THAILAND. 2007. After an anxious crossing (of the Mekong River),... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

THAILAND. 2007. Early morning fog shrouds Mekong on the Laos... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

THAILAND. 2007. Early morning fishermen on the Mekong, south... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

LAOS. 2007. Along Vientiane, Mekong is calm and shallow which... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

LAOS. 2007. Darkness settles over the Mekong River, providing... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

LAOS. 2007. Darkness settles over the Mekong River, providing... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

THAILAND. 2007. Giving thanks, a North Korean refugee waiting... 

Chien-Chi Chang 2007

Giving thanks, North Korean refugees waiting for papers that... 
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