By the early 1960s transport segregation was still an issue in the Deep South, so in 1961, a civil rights group called The Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) organized the Freedom Rides. Black and white volunteers were trained for 3 days in non-violent techniques, and then sat next to each other as they traveled through the Deep South. James Farmer, national director of CORE, and thirteen volunteers started from Washington on May 4, 1961, and headed for Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. At every stop the Freedom Riders made, the KKK and other segregation supporters greeted them with violence and protest. Because the local authorities were unwilling to protect the Riders, Pres. JFK. Sent 500 federal marshals to do the job. The freedom riders also campaigned for desegregation in restaurants, lunch counters and hotels. In response to their efforts the Interstate Commerce Commission issued the necessary orders to end racial segregation in bus terminals in Sept. 1961 and it went into effect in Nov. 1961.